We had two large dogs with long nails (including one rescued Greyhound - they don't trim their nails properly in puppy farms, and his quick had grown to the point where he just had insanely long nails for his entire life) and red oak floors. It was a little different, because we owned the floors and so didn't have to worry too much about it, but we lived there for ten years, and when we moved out, the floors were still in good shape. No refinishing necessary.

We also tried dog booties, not for floor protection but to deal with the chronic paw-licking labs with allergies are prone to do, and while they did help with the paw licking, she HATED THEM OMG. She wouldn't walk anywhere in them at all. She would just lie on the floor, looking utterly pathetic, refusing to move. Now, she was a queen of passive resistance and a known hater of any and all dog attire, and Trudeau may not be, so you may not have the same trouble, but - my advice is, give them a try (they will protect the floors), using the usual dog training tricks, but don't buy multiple sets until you know for sure that he's going to tolerate them.

Area rugs, by the way, do not work so well with large dogs prone to running. They get up to Mach 2 and hit them and WHEEEEEEEE and then WHAM into, if you're lucky, something not breakable.